UNIT 22
Cinematography
How the camera is positioned, the angle and distance is very important in cinema and the differences can provide us with various effects.
Shot Types include…
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High Angle Shot
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Convey less power and inferiority.
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Low Angle Shot
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Connote greater power and superiority.
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Dutch Angle Shot
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Connotes disarray and chaos.
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Birds Eye View
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Used to provide a disconnection between the audience and the content.
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Establishing Shot
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Used to establish the setting of the scene.
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Close Up
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Extreme Close Up
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To bring attention to certain details within the scene.
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Over the Shoulder
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Often used in conversation.
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Two Shot
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Two subjects both taking an equal amount of space in the frame.
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Wide Shot
Composition
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Center Frame
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Implies a sense of power within the subject.
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Side Frame
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In terms of divine proportion, shots with subject’s place in the side of the frame are considered more beautiful and aesthetically pleasing.
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Shot types can also often go hand in hand. For example: High Angle Establishing Shot.
Lighting
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Natural
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Natural light refers to the utilization and modification of the light that is already available at the location in which you’re filming.
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Tungsten
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Tungsten light is when a filmmaker uses artificial lighting from a lamp or other light emitting devices that emit warm/reddish light.
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Sound
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Diegetic
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Diegetic sound is the sound that exists within the world. This includes dialogue, footsteps and ambient noise.
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Non-diegetic
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Non-diegetic sound exists outside the world of the film. This includes music, voice overs and other sound effects.
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Ambient
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Ambient sound is background noise. It is not usually important to the narrative but can provide a scene with atmosphere.
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Sound bridge
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A Sound Bridge is when the sound continues over a visual transition or change. It provides continuity.
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Foley sound
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Foley sound is everyday sounds reproduced through other means to be added into film in post-production. Foley sound can be considered Diegetic if the sound is made to exist within the world of the film.
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Chiaroscuro
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Most commonly used in Film Noir, chiaroscuro lighting is a means to produce contrast between dark and light. Chiaroscuro is strong focused light that is emitted at one area/object/figure within a dark set.
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Key Light
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Key light is the most important light used by cinematographers or any other scene composer. It is the light you illuminate from in front (doesn’t have to be directly) of the object or subject and its purpose is to define and highlight the form of the figure or object in frame.
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Fill Light
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The fill light is usually used to reduce the contrast of a scene and to highlight the same amount of detail typically seen through the human eye. It makes the scene and the frame clearer, however, it can flatten the image.
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Back Light
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Back Light is the light you illuminate from behind the foreground elements. In simple terms, the viewers and the lighting instrument face each other. This produces a glowing effect around the objects and subjects in the foreground and darken certain areas. Back light is great for creating silhouettes and not so ideal if you want to convey detail.
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